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Oil spills underreported in Gulf of Mexico
But watchdog groups say that the system's reliance on selfreporting means its data are fundamentally flawed.
One of those groups is SkyTruth of Shepherdstown, West Virginia, founded by geologist John Amos in 2001 to monitor the effects of human activity on the environment using remotesensing and mapping technologies. Amos monitored satellite images of the Gulf of Mexico during the Deepwater Horizon disaster, noticed a separate slick, and traced it to the former Taylor Energy platform 23051.
According to NRC reports analyzed by Amos, an average of 14 gallons per day had been spilling from that rig for several months, says Amos. "But our image analysis shows the leak rate must be greater, possibly by a factor of 10." Assuming oil needs to be at least 1 micrometre thick to create a visible sheen, he explains, and assuming that an oil slick that thin has a 72hour lifespan at the surface, a leak of 14 gallons per day could only create a visible sheen 1.6 kilometres long by 91 metres wide. "We repeatedly observed, and NRC reports describe, slicks much larger," Amos says.
Small claims It is a common problem. Amos had previously found a slick nearly 34 km long that was blamed on a spill of just 7 gallons (See Skytruth's reports).
Then, in March 2011, oil washed ashore on Grand Isle, Louisiana. Workers at the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries traced the spill to an apparent source at West Delta Block 117, about 32 km to the south west. AngloSuisse Offshore Partners (ASOP) of Houston, Texas, had reported three discharges from its Platform E there, totalling less than 5 gallons. But, says Amos, "enough came ashore that the Coast Guard had to mount a cleanup response, which certainly suggests more than a few gallons".
The Coast Guard collected oil samples from the ASOP well and the slick, which were sent to Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge for chemical fingerprinting. Ed Overton, professor emeritus at the university's School of the Coast and Environment, says the samples matched. "All oil contains the same molecular structures, but oil from different sources contains different levels of hundreds of various compounds,[url=http://www.xantrex.cc]louis vuitton handbags[/url]," says Overton, who developed the first methods for analyzing components as a method of "fingerprinting" oil samples in the late 1970s, and has continued to be involved in refining the technology1.
ASOP did take responsibility for the cleanup, which had been largely completed by 6 April, but the company did not return phone calls from Nature requesting comment.
Amos thinks that the Taylor and Grand Isle incidents illustrate the reporting system's flaw. "There is a strong incentive to underreport incidents. Who is going to get in a helicopter and fly 50 miles offshore for a 2gallon spill? You report so you won't get fined, but report small because you know that will keep everybody behind their desks. We need some kind of independent verification."
The Coast Guard conducts a telephone investigation of every report, according to Petty Officer Nathan Thompson, and determines an appropriate course of action on the basis of that. There is no threshold amount that triggers a response. "It depends on the location, the reporting party and other factors," Thompson says. "If a company had a history of a lot of spills, or if a spill occurred in a more environmentally sensitive area, we'd probably go out. Sometimes we have to prioritize. In Louisiana, we get a lot of reports of spills from unknown sources, and we go out to those every single time."
Guessing game Overton also suspects that spills are routinely underestimated given that fines are linked to volume, but points out that estimating spill volume is not an exact science. "Sheens can cover a lot of area and not represent much oil," he explains. "We need research on better spectral methods to estimate the thickness of sheens."
More accurate data are vital as offshore drilling ramps back up postDeepwater Horizon, Amos says. "NRC reports are the only comprehensive offshore spill database. But if the government and citizens rely on them to know how much pollution is caused by offshore oil and gas production, our drilling policy is based on fundamentally inaccurate data."
Accurate or not, the data are difficult to use, says Eric Schaeffer, former head of civil enforcement at the US Environmental Protection Agency and now director of the nonprofit organization the Environmental Integrity Project, headquartered in Washington DC. "The data are pretty scattered, nomenclature is not consistent. At the time of release, you don't necessarily know how much has spilled, yet have an immediate obligation to report. But there isn't correction and updating of information later. Simple things such as spelling out how you did the numbers would be really valuable."
Carrie Beth Lasley, a researcher at the University of New Orleans Center for Hazards Assessment, Response and Technology, adds that mandatory annual inspections of platforms or at the very least after a hurricane are also needed.
Amos would like someone to monitor satellite images to identify unreported and underreported spills. "We were able to document the leak from the Taylor platform because, during the BP spill, multiple satellite imaging systems were trained on that part of the Gulf on a daily basis," he says. "But once BP was plugged, the data stream slowed to the normal daily trickle. Satellites are overhead all the time, but only on when a paying customer wants an image."
The hardware and personnel for a Gulfwide monitoring system already exist, he notes, at the University of Miami's Center for Southeastern Tropical Advanced Remote Sensing in Florida. "We have tremendous assets we aren't using, and that's a shame."
As part of an effort to rectify this, on 19 April, SkyTruth announced it was forming a consortium with North Carolinabased SouthWings, a nonprofit organization of private pilots, and Waterkeeper Alliance, a worldwide organization promoting clean water, to monitor pollution. $30 coach handbag,gucci handbag,prada handbag, $12sunglasses,$9 caps.

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&nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; &nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; &nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; (reporter Lin Anzhen Lin Li correspondent Ceng Kunfeng)
in December last year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a nominal Jie heard his friend to express robbery delivery of goods, decided to follow suit. He then went by the alias of the pat net to cash on delivery mode for 3 mobile phone.
in December 30th 17 when make,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], deliveryman spring by Jay a indication of SF EXPRESS Fuqing company,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a package to Hong Lu Jie Dao Nan Feng cun. See Jay a standing at the side of the road,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a spring is to request payment delivery. At this time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jay a false demand to see goods, a spring open the package, Jay a robbed 3 mobile phone, run.
recently,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jay a suspected robbery by the Fuqing procuratorate.
in March 3rd this year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Jay and this way,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], grab the two mobile phone. In March 7th,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he was arrested by the police in the fence at.
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May 23rd, Dengzhou Ji Tan Zhen Beibei kindergarten in the process with the school bus in the morning preschool, a 3 year old Lee's forgotten school car, afternoon sent students home, only to find that the infant choking in the car. After the hospital rescue invalid death.

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time: Monday October 10th
another defendant Guangzhou NetEase Corporation is the attitude of "hard",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "
eyewitness: reporter Zhao Li Huang Jie
it is reported, NetEase reading channel launched the "ancient stove" electronic version of the pricing is 8 yuan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the paper "Gu Lu" people's Literature Publishing House is priced at 53 yuan. And Jia Pingwa said, for digital copyright "not clear is how to return a responsibility", do not know the specific circumstances.
for the people's literature listed himself as a defendant,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], NetEase Beijing branch that "wronged", pointing out that he has nothing to do with the case, their scope is limited to the development of electronic products and network maintenance technology, no site business qualification, not business network, also did not have the qualifications of a legal person, should not become the defendant.
plaintiff believes that, NetEase Beijing branch has tort directly with Guangzhou NetEase Corporation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the plaintiff in the city of Beijing in Dongcheng District to download the electronic version of books, NetEase Beijing branch shall assume the tort liability as the defendant. NetEase Beijing Branch real computer terminal in Beijing, the company registered in Beijing, a tort is in Beijing. The terminal server in Beijing, is the object of torts, NetEase Beijing sub company and the general company is the common behavior implementation.
at the beginning of this year, Jia Pingwa took 4 years to work completed novels "Gu Lu", in the Beijing Book Fair has triggered a storm: the people's Literature Publishing House to sign the "ancient stove" of traditional paper-based publishing and digital publishing, Jia Pingwa "because they do not understand", and the digital rights to a little money to NetEase.
location: Beijing Dongcheng District people's court
as a plaintiff filed a lawsuit, the people's Literature Publishing House claimed: December 16,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2008,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], signed the "people's literature of ancient stove" book publishing contract with Jia Pingwa, agreed China plaintiff mainland published in book form, the text in the exclusive copyright, and copyright of digital products and network version of the product. The people's literature has exclusive complete proprietary copyright on "ancient stove" one article. The defendant Guangzhou NetEase computer system Co.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Ltd. Beijing branch, Guangzhou NetEase computer system Co.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], ignoring the two demands to stop infringement to,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in their reading channel announcement, and the launch of "Gu Lu" full text electronic version, this behavior has seriously infringed the plaintiff's exclusive rights, caused huge losses to the the plaintiff sued defendant, so delete it immediately in the study on channel "Gu Lu" electronic version of the text, a public apology, and compensation for economic losses of 2000000 yuan.
trial: the proprietary rights including the right of information network dissemination is
Jia Pingwa novel "Gu Lu" "two marry a woman" copyright crisis since January this year, the electronic version of on-line,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is confused, no conclusion. Today (10 days) morning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], because of people's Literature Publishing House to prosecute NetEase tort,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], claim 2000000 yuan, Beijing Dongcheng District people's court heard the case publicly.
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At present, the center opened a total of children's painting, calligraphy, dancing, chess, 27 training classes. Activity center classes can not only enrich the youth outside activities and amateur life, but also cultivate hobbies and personality, enhance their innovation spirit and practice ability.

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&nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
xinhuanet.com Islamabad on 11 December,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], (reporter Jia Hanlong Zhang Qi) according to Pakistan media reports 11 days,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], American has stipulated in the Pakistan government period pulled up the air force base,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the base is currently by the Pakistan military control.
up the air force base in Pakistan is located in the southwestern province of Baluchistan provincial capital about 320 kilometers southwest of Quetta,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], us from the beginning of 2001 using the base of military action in Afghanistan and the tribal areas of Northwestern Pakistan implementation of drone strikes.
November 26th,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], NATO aircraft attacked the two checkpoints in the Mohmand tribal region in northwestern Pakistan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], killing 24 Pakistani security forces personnel including two officers were killed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and about 15 people were injured,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Pakistani government immediately request the withdrawal USA across the west air base in 15 days.
&nbsp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
Pakistan's inter Services Public Relations Department spokesman has confirmed the report and said that the Pakistani army has taken up the air force base,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
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Shanghai City, jointly with the Municipal Commission of Commerce, the district actively implement measures, efforts to defuse the cabbage and other vegetables and seasonal varieties structural slow-moving problem.